... isolated to a particular academic discipline. For example chemistry with its 'specialized lexis and lack of any personal presence' (Mercer and Swann, 1996, p. 289) is typical of a scientific academic discourse which is isolated to its particular discipline. Conversely, history and social sciences share a discourse community where they both share the specialized lexis. (Mercer and Swann, 1996, p. 108) Next looking at differing types of academic English within different cultures, Kachru in Reading A (Mercer and Swann, 1996, p. 305) uses the terms 'inner circle' and the 'outer circle' to highlight the different types of people who speak English. The inner circle refers to the native English speaking countries and the outer circle comprises of those colonies or areas influenced by England or the USA. Kachru argues that 'contrastive rhetoric research has implicitly incorporated ideas about what constitutes 'good' academic writing' and that these ideas belong to the ...

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