... rod of constant cross section. Theory The maximum load is the greatest load that the specimen can withstand without breaking. The breaking load is the load at which the specimen breaks. Elongation is the amount that the sample has increased in length after it has fractured compared to its original length. The percentage elongation is extent the specimen stretches before it fractures, and the percentage reduction in area after fracture is the amount of thinning undergone by the specimen during the test. % Elongation = ((lf - lo) / lo) X 100 [lf = distance between gauge marks after specimen breaks] % Reduction in area = (( Ao - Af) / Ao) X 100 [Af = final cross sectional area of the fracture surface] The Yield stress is the stress at which plastic deformation is likely to become more apparent. This is the stress which is required for dislocations to occur. The Young modulus is the measure ...

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