... presumes barriers only at high levels of their career, (Etzkowitz et al, 1994). However, it has been found instead that women face barriers to entry and achievement at all stages of career development, not just upon entry into work. This paper will seek to address the issue of women in professional engineering, defined be McRae et al (1991) as "persons employed in technical work for which the normal qualification is a degree in science, maths or engineering", and will discuss, (using references from recent research), the processes by which they have been excluded. Barriers to such professions are not simply found as forms of discrimination in the workplace but are rooted in the socialisation of girls and boys from a young age. Much of the literature in this field is tied in closely with that of academic science as the women are from similar academic backgrounds (mathematics and the sciences) and ...

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