... be upgraded with injected cavity wall insulation * A wide range of U-values can be achieved and performance tailored to specific Building Regulation requirements. Detailed Design Considerations Building Regulations The maximum allowable Elemental U-values for external walls are shown below: U-value (W/m2K) England, Wales & NI 0.35 Scotland 0.30 or 0.27 Ireland 0.45 In the various Building Regulations there are trade off methods that allow the performance of a particular building element to be worse than the Elemental U-value. This has to be compensated for by better performance in other building elements, which allows buildings with wall U-values in excess of the Elemental values to show compliance. There is usually a maximum permissible U-value for each element in the trade off methods. Thermal Bridging at Junctions and Openings With improving U-values for walls and other elements, it has become necessary to ensure that no cold bridges exist at junctions and openings. In England and Wales special robust details have ...

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