... speculates about human propensities to contrast light and dark, black and white, or the universality of early life experiences that lead to the derogation of 'blackness." (Page 121) The Degler-Gergen theory is that Blackness is a universally negative stigma, to which dark-skinned people blacks want to be light-skinned, and light skinned blacks want nothing to do with Black as all. Drake's thesis is that there cannot be a just one gross simplification that if one domain is negative about blacks cannot hold true for all domains and "question whether its true that Africans (even those who never made contact with white people) naturally dislike "blackness" and want a lighter skinned body image than their own?" P121 II. In responding to the provocation, what sort of evidence does Drake marshal to make his case? Drake goes about refuting the Degler-Gergen Manichean theory by dealing with the black experience before European expansion into the ...

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