... suffered the greatest struggles. At the time, the Holy Roman Empire consisted of over three-hundred different states, each with a different approach to the witchcraze, most widespread ones including Lotharingia where there were over 1000 persecutions and Würzburg which saw over nine hundred. Austria and Switzerland but saw approximately five thousand witches tried and in Vienna especially, the witchcraze was linked to the Thirty Years War. In Switzerland, religious conflict is evident in an additional form, as there was a historic burning of Jews in this period. France's witch trials were mainly isolated to the Pyranees and North-eastern Alps borders between 1580 and 1619 and later, around the 1630s they occurred in Burgundy, Champagne and Languedec, again following the pattern of religious tension. In contrast, countries that escaped a widespread witchcraze usually had this lack of religious conflict in common, such as the strongly Catholic Italy and Spain, and Ireland, ...

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