... of Gudea , the governor of Lagash, Lagash annexed both Susa and Elam. The name for Gudea's god Anu is indicative of Black presence in this region. The very foundation on which the Third Dynasty of Ur had been laid was suggestive of its downfall. Firstly, it consisted of a large number of states woven loosely together without a hint of centralization. Secondly, the agricultural productivity of the land had been depleted thanks to years of ravaging the soil. Finally, the spread of Indo-European and Semitic people challenged the very existence of Sumer creating havoc and famine in the Southern city states. These reasons eventually led to the downfall of the Sumerian Blackheads who had laid the foundation for every near east civilization and gradually they disappeared from history. Elam, in many ways similar to Sumer, was the first cultural highpoint in Iran. Numerous scholars such as Elliot Smith ...

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