... Bruys in the French Alps.8 From c.1112 Peter is expelled from his benefice to become a wandering preacher in the Alpine foot hills, criticising the church.9 After 20 years Peter emerges from the mountains to preach in south west France,10 and at some point he forms an alliance with Henry of Le Mans before his murdered at St Gilles in c.1131.11 Henry Le Mans also known as Lausanne12 and the Monk13 preached in northern and especially southern France. The first detailed account14 of his activities is in 1116 when he preachers in Le Mans. Bishop Hildebrant before he leaves for Rome gives Henry permission to evangelise as he believes him to be a penitential preacher.15 Henry, however, preaches against the materialism of the church inciting the populace to rise against the clerics of the city, and when Hildebrant returns he has great difficulty regaining his authority.16 After being expelled from ...

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