... mind; he believed that Italy should not be unified under a constitutional Monarchy and that a constitutional Monarchy must only be a transitional phase. He believed that, through a process of revolution and education, Italy could be turned into a democratic socialist republic: "Education must ever be directed to teach...the necessity of revolution. Revolution...must be so conducted as to render it a means of national education. The character of the revolution must be national...the flag raised, and the aim proposed will be national" Although Mazzini's aims of violent revolution to create a unified republic of Italy were made clear to all 60,000 members of Young Italy, even within the organisation factions emerged. Cattaneo and Manin were opposed to Mazzini's ideal of violent revolution and as legalists preferred to act within the law. It was a lack of common purpose among Mazzini's followers that led to the failure of his attempts at violent ...

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