... out as real leaders capable of leading Italy into a new era, namely Piedmont and The Papal States. These however were only two strong links in a chain that was largely completed with weaker links. The Papal states' political outlook had changed quite markedly pre-1848, for example they had been given a limited freedom of speech and also he appointed a non-clerical council to help run the State, this change was due to the new Pope, Pias IX, coming to leadership in 1846, and with him he brought what appeared to be a largely liberal outlook, shown in his freeing up of the press censorship, and also the means of acting as a catalyst to the large Anti-Austrian feeling at the time. The Economy there was in a decent state and during his first few months in office, Pias followed progressive policies, such as the promotion of railways, ...

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