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... solving these problems, the Powers applied the Principle of Compensation and Reward. As a result, the map of Europe was rebuilt. The second problem and how it was solved. The representatives at the Vienna Congress also had to prevent Napoleon's return to power and to stop future aggression from France. This problem particularly worried them because Napoleon succeeds in escaping from Elba in early 1815. He waged a war against the European Powers and upset European peace again. To remove this dangerous threat, the Powers applied the principle of bulwarks against France and a ring of buffer states was set up along France France's eastern frontiers. In the north, Belgium and Luxembourg joined with Holland to form the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. To check future aggression from France, the Confederation of Germany was formed and Switzerland's permanent neutrality and independence were guaranteed. Piedmont joined with Sardinia to form from a ...