... birth rate, the early decline of religion, the high level of desire for mobility, a rising income, and restrained political extremes. Whereas in West Central Europe, there was more state role in industrialisation, more resistance to modernisation, more persistence of religion, the rise of political extremes (socialisation, nationalism and lower levels of protest based on personal acquisitiveness. Germany straddled both west central and east central Europe, which included Austria and the Balkan states. In this east central area there was later but successful industrialisation, a lack of rural protest, a strong urban resistance to industrialism and a climate open to fascism. Great Britain in 1870 was the powerhouse of Europe. It was nurturing a climate for change with great political advances far ahead of mainland Europe. The 1867 Great Reform Act set in motion the opportunity for suffrage in Britain. The break through of the labour movement in 1819 was instrumental ...

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