... one view arguing that Turkey's neutrality and inaction was beneficial for both Turkey and her allies. This argument says that Turkish neutrality contributed to Allied belligerents to defeat Axis powers. On the other hand, this state of "neutrality" has been viewed as a "betrayal" to the treaty signed between Turkey and her allies. In this regard, although it has been acknowledged that "Turkish diplomacy during the war was a brilliant accomplishment by all standards", Turkey has been severely criticized especially by Western historians for the lack of consistency and integrity of her diplomacy in that particular time period.2 The criticisms have mostly emphasized upon the reluctance of Turkey to actively join the war against the Axis, while she was bound by the treaty to be described below in details, and her opportunistic attitude of war declaration on Germany at the end of the war3, "too late to render any effective ...

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