... seen in a relationship in and of itself. Nasr's description of Avecina's ontological division of his doctrine can be summarized in the following passage: "The reality of a thing depends upon its existence, and the knowledge of an object is ultimately the knowledge of its ontological status in the chain of universal existence which determines all of its attributes and qualities" (Nasr, pg. 25). In studying all beings and their existence, Avecina makes use of the idea that all objects share two common fundamental qualities: essence, which consists of the shape, form, qualities of the object, in other words everything in the external world, and the existence of that being in the external Tournis, 2 world. Avecina made a further distinction of what a being is by claiming that a being is either necessary, possible, impossible. In terms of necessary beings, there is God, the "Pure Being," which is necessary for ...

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