... to the inversion of relationships. In order to renew time a chaos had to be created - passages had to be open, only to close them again and restore order. This is the circularity of Yup'ik time and cosmological events. During winter time, they must bestow chaos in order to renewe time. - the bladder festival - the feast for the dead - the kelek Here we can see the interplay between binary opposites and inversion of relationships for the rejuvenation of time (life): "In each of these three ceremonies the normal relationship between humans and animals, the living and the dead, and the human and the spirit worlds were inverted. ... In each case although a normal everyday relationship was transformed, the contrast was maintained" "Yup'ik cosmology is a perpetual cycling between birth and rebirth, humans and animals, the living and the dead." (355) "Instead of a static opposition between life and death, men ...

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