... militant Islam and Sacred Rage presents the views of Hizbollah in a comprehensive and contemporary manner. Origins of Hizballah, an article by Shimon Shapira presents a perspective presented by Tel Aviv University at a time when Hizbollah violence was at its height. Despite this context, it is fairly unbiased and gives a constructive historical basis for the formation of Hizbollah. The Islamic response to secularism and nationalism began in Shiite schools in the 1950s and 1960s in Iran; where ulama from Lebanon and Iran were instructed. One of the most famous of these ulama is Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah. His teachings in Shiite schools and many speeches promoted a new, more activist form of Shiism.(Shapira p.117) The new trend he developed emphasized a need to return to Shiite roots, rejection of Lebanese national identity, and a rejection of the Christian-led Lebanese government. This type of grassroots approach to utopian Islamism was typical ...

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