... and freedoms of the Convention. The positive obligations doctrine of the Court is an amplification of the originally negative conception of the European Convention of Human Rights, in which a State is obliged to refrain from taking actions that might breach the rules of the Convention. The concept of positive obligations goes further than this purely negative idea of non-action, as it obliges States to take measures in situations in which the passive attitude of a State would constitute a violation of the rights and freedoms set forth in the Convention. Therefore, the doctrine has a greater impact on States than the traditional negative conception, as it gives a broad extension of the duties originally imposed upon the High Contracting Parties. It is now clear that the protection of the right to life in Article 2 requires state authorities to carry out an effective investigation in to a death caused by ...

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