... dangerous activities. Reggie pulls Steve to the floor saying, "I have warned you about this", causing Steve to be severely bruised. Consider the possible criminal liability arising in the above circumstances. The defendants may be liable for causing grievous bodily harm with intent contrary to s. 18 Offences Against Persons Act (OAPA) 1861, maliciously inflicting grievous bodily harm, contrary to s. 20 OAPA 1861 or assault occasioning actual bodily harm, contrary to s. 47. Tony's Internal Rupture This could be a serious enough injury to constitute grievous bodily harm (defined in DPP v Smith [1961] as a "really serious harm" and in Saunders [1985] as "serious harm"). S. 18 OAPA 1861 requires that grievous bodily harm be caused with intent to do so, while s. 20 OAPA 1861 requires that grievous bodily harm be inflicted maliciously. If the internal rupture does amount to grievous bodily harm, then the actus reus of either ...

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