... groups for comparison. A major contributor to this failure is an ignorance of the causes of crime. The second assumption is predictive restraint (incarcerate the dangerous). The predictive restraint is based on the ability to anticipate the offenders recidivism rate. This method fails because it has an over-prediction tendency that leaves many false positives from relying on correlations and more frequently ending in mistaken intervention that leaves less dangerous or even "petty" criminals incarcerated much longer than necessary. The final assumption is individualized punishment for the offender (individualize the disposition). Individualized punishment gives adjudicators wider discretionary powers and sanctions rehabilitative approaches based on the offenders treatment needs, which in turn, leads to unjust sentencing policies from the disparities in judgments. (II) "Just deserts" is a ideal founded on justice that focuses on the rationale of punishment by making a clear distinction between the justification of punishment and the rationalization of allocation. ...

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