... drug and handing it to the victim so that they can then inject it. We have found that there has not been much clarification of the law and Alan Reed, a Professor of Law at Sunderland University1, has agreed that "The issue needs clarification as soon as possible." The decision in Finlay2 was that cooking up heroin, loading it into a syringe, and then giving the syringe to someone who is clearly going to inject themselves almost immediately, is capable of amounting to causation.3 They allowed this to be a cause of the victim's death was because they agreed that an act of self-injection was a matter of ordinary occurrence that was foreseeable enough to not be classed as an intervening act. Self-injection would be a break in the chain of causation where the act is extraordinary to the events involved. Lord Hoffmann, in the Empress Car case4, also described acts ...

See this essay or coursework document in full right now