... prison studies in Europe, researched by Nelles (2000). In support of abstinence in terms of crime control and not health the, paper will focus on Philip Bean and the Criminal Justice System, and will attempt to demonstrate harm reductions limitations. In 1977, the concept of harm reduction emerged. Mulder a leading social psychiatrist from Amsterdam decided to look at drug use from a public health perspective and rethink his own profession. His guiding philosophy was 'people change themselves. As opposed to psychotherapy. Buning (1992:197). What was unique with Mulder was his humanitarian approach to drug users. He was not solely interested in reducing his patient's drug consumption; on the contrary, he was driven by the quest for finding ways for drug users to consume drugs safely. As a result harm reduction was born. Buning: (1992:198). In the first instance, using the Amsterdam model saw a stabilisation of hepatitis through needle ...

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