... employ at least one probation officer. Although this was the foundation of the professional probation service, the missionary still had a place in the probation of offenders for many years. The Probation Service slowly encapsulated a number of early theories around the constitutional inferiority of criminals, it was these theories that soon became classified as the diagnostic era of probation work. This helped probation establish itself within the post-war Welfare State. These theories remained the benchmark of probation until a new 'treatment' model came to the fore. This model, which had first raised its head in the 1950s, swiftly co-opted the old term 'casework' (which at the time meant simply to 'work on cases') and changed its meaning to denote: The progress of therapeutic work in which the offenders needs and motivations could be revealed by a relationship with the probation officer. Raynor (2002) argues that as psychotherapeutic treatment was ...

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