... all the words in the list were indoor places and the defendant was not guilty ad he had been operating a betting ring outdoors. Expressio unius est exclusion alterius rule means, the expression of one thing implies the exclusion of another. Under this rule if there is no general word at the end of the list, then the express mention of one member of a particular class implies the exclusion of another. Thus where an act specifically mentioned 'Persian cats'. The term would not indicate other breeds of a cat. Tempest v Kilner (1846) indicated this rule, where the list of goods, wares and merchandise was not followed by any general word so the court held 'stocks and shares' were not caught by the statute because they were not mentioned. Noscitur a sociis, this means the meaning of a word can be gathered from its context, under this rule words of doubtful ...

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