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... influences include human rights law, European Union law and the provisions of health care services.1 As a result, medical ethics and human rights issues now command much more attention in the medical profession and society. The UK government has committed itself under international law2 to the promotion of its citizen's health and the prevention of disease. Thus, the health care services in the UK have been constantly searching for effective methods for preventing disease. The BMA believes that 'The primary goal of medicine is to benefit the patient by restoring or maintaining the patient's health as far as possible, maximising benefit and minimising harm'.3 The ever expanding medical technology has allowed doctors to intervene with the human body from even before its biological conception and even after an irrevocable loss of consciousness. Society is frequently legally challenged to regulate new fields of medical activity that are ethically controversial. Legislators and judges ...