... ECJ has extended the principles of direct effects to Treaty Articles, Decisions and Directives and provisions of international agreements to which the EC is a party. In this project I intend to outline the principle of how directives are enforced and come to a conclusion as to whether directives are directly applicable or not. Direct Effect Direct Effect is used when provisions of EC law give rise to rights or obligations which individuals may enforce before their national courts. Not all provisions of directly applicable international law are therefore capable of direct effects; some are too vague to form the basis of people's rights or obligations, and others are incomplete and require further measures of implementation before they are fully effective in law. Whether a directive is directly effective depends on whether it has been incorporated effectively into domestic law and the directive in question was clearly designed to protect individual rights. ...

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