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... as may happen in command economy situations. The degree of intervention in the market must therefore be such, so as to provide the consumer, with some of the benefits of perfect competition, such as maintenance of price at the same level as the marginal cost of production, whilst at the same time, regulating industrial practices that are anti-competition. Without regulation, oligopolies and monopolies, restrict consumer choice, dominate the market, as well as manipulate supply, in some circumstances, so as to undermine pricing policies. Similarly, a lack of regulation tolerates the creation of discrepancies, between the bargaining power of trading parties, so allowing for coercive manipulation of contract and obligation, to fulfil market dominance, by more powerful competitors3. Regulations of the type, of Article 81, allow for avoidance, of market failures such as price fixing, supply side distortions, monopolies, independent control over production quotas and market externalities such as pollution and ...