... and subsequent application of Article 2305 of the Treaty of the European Union. In order to critically appraise the above issues it will be necessary to first look at the system of justice in the European Union (EU) and the details of the three cases - albeit briefly - evaluating the differences between them. Secondly, some of the rulings of the European Courts were controversial (perhaps even divisive), and therefore it will be necessary also to look at that controversy, its effect, and any upshot that might have consequences for future issues. Thirdly, the comments of Advocate General Jacobs, with particular regard to the cases of Unión de Pequenõs Agricultores v Council and Jégo-Quéré et Cie SA v Commission of the European Communities, must be investigated as his opinion has both been dismissed, followed and then dismissed again. Finally, I shall comment on how the interpretation of Article 230 of the ...

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