... took place from 1865-1877. During this time period slaves were emancipated (Thirteenth Amendment), granted citizenship (Fourteenth Amendment) and guaranteed the right to vote (Fifteenth Amendment). (pg.109) Barely any states gave equal access to the ballot box of black citizens after the civil war. The Fourteenth Amendment states that anyone born on United States soil is considered a citizen. It also states that no state shall "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws," (pg. 111) Reconstruction was a failure due to rioting all over the south. The Jim Crow Laws were also created in the 1890's to try and segregate blacks from whites. These laws would make it very hard for blacks to vote. Laws such as the white primary which would allow only whites to vote in primary elections, and literacy ...

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