... structure. One that rejects reform and integration, seeking the acquisition of group strength and power to bring about a more equitable distribution of power. The political process is, in terms of this model, shown to work to the advantage of an elite and is therefore rejected. Tactical separation is advocated and violence is not ruled out. The historical background to the 'reformist\radical' debate of the mid-1960's is seen to provide important influences and precedents and is detailed from slavery onwards. The urban riots of 1964-67 are shown to be pivotal, illustrating the necessity of a deeper analysis of the power structure than King's movement offered, and highlighting how the tactics and goals applicable and successful in the South could not simply be transposed onto the very different circumstances of the North. ...

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