... was seen as a form of class compromise. As Pierson (2001) notes, the compromise represented a 'rapprochement between capital and a white, male, metropolitan and organised working class,' which had been secured largely at the expense of other groups of workers (p77). There was also subsequent hostility of the white working class; they feared capitalism was short changing them, which in turn produced appalling racism (Notting hill 1958). This was seen as one of the most significant failures of the state, it did not provide for those in need (Williams; 1989:7). They were invited to solve the labour shortage yet were excluded from access to welfare services (Young; 2000:38). Over the years there have been many policy initiatives to address these problems. These have ranged from stressing and encouraging assimilation, pluralistic integration, and legislative action on racial discrimination (Race Relations and Equal opportunity). All these social policy emphasis have had concomitant ...

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