... membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside his country of nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence...is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.1 The UN definition markedly reflects upon the historical context in which it was formulated. It is a response to the European totalitarian experience when, indeed, refugee's were primarily the persecuted victims of highly organised predatory states.2 Such concrete definitions are predicated on an implicit conception that, a bond of trust, loyalty, protection and assistance between the citizen and the state constitutes the normal basis of society; (as perceived by Harvey) 3 in the case of the refugee, this bond has been severed; persecution and alienage are always ...

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