... family, and to subtribal and tribal nations.2 Whanaungatanga determines the obligations which one owes to other due to whakapapa, and implies that one has to show elements of tika,3 pono (honesty and truth), and aroha in dealings with others who are kindred and also extends to non-kin who are in friendly reciprocal relationships.4 Tapu is defined by Hohepa as 'the essence of sanctity, cultural protection, sacredness, set apartness'.5 Tapu is simultaneously empowering and a controlling mechanism, it provides a legal framework for Maori in that its offence or breach will bring consequences. These consequences could range from an offender losing his/her protective tapu or alternatively being subjected to a more dangerous tapu.6 Marsden has written that tapu suggests a contractual relationship that has been made between an individual and his/her deity 'whereby a person dedicates him/herself to an object to the service of a deity in return for protection against ...

See this essay or coursework document in full right now