... offences is essential to protect the public. The public is protected against the selling of unfit food, as this is a strict liability offence. In the case of Callow v Tillstone (1990) a butcher was convicted of selling meat which was held to be unfit for human consumption, even though a vet had declared the meat to be safe. The public also gains greater protection from pollution. In the case of Alphacell v Woodward (1972) the defendant's conviction for causing polluted matter to enter a river was upheld despite the claims that the company was unaware of any obstructions to its pumps. The countryside is better protected by the use of strict liability. In Kirkland v Robinson (1987) the Divisional Court of the Queen's Bench refused to accept the defendant's claim that he was unaware he was in possession of wild birds. The court decided that the protection of the environment was ...

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