... participants are middle-aged and work in jobs where they routinely use academic English. In the chat, they are arranging their date for the following week. The names of the participants have been altered to maintain anonymity. Carter proposes three models of creativity: an inherency model, a sociocultural model and a cognitive model. (Carter, 1999, cited by Swann, 2006, p10.) In an inherency model of creativity, the concern is how the text is constructed, with the emphasis on the language used. A sociocultural approach takes into consideration the background of the speaker and the writer, and the social, cultural and even historic contexts of the text. It is concerned with the effect that the effect that the language produces on the receiver. A cognitive approach to language examines links between language and mental processes, and the effect that the text has on the reader or listener. In the course reading " Extracts ...

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