... broke. He was a pioneer of cultural merchandising and advertising, but he needed to develop his animations in order to keep up with the hugely successful Fleischer's at this time. In 1917, the Fleischer's became great innovators when they developed the Rotoscope. It was a form of tracing live action film that was projected from below, frame by frame, onto a glass surface, the size of animation paper. They tested the new method by filming Dave Fleischer in a black and white clown suit. These films were known as "Koko the Clown" and made the brothers a sensation. The Fleischer brothers had joined Paramount and the Bray studios in 1921 to form the production company, "Out of the Inkwell." They produced their first short, "Modelling" (1921). The Disney studios sought upon this as an opportunity to make animations similar to these and called them "Alice's Wonderland." Disney combined with other animation studios, ...

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