... voter casts one vote for a constituency MP. This process is identical to the FPTP system as it operates on a simple majority basis. The candidate with the most votes wins, even if they poll fewer than half of the vote. The second vote is cast for a party; and the voter may wish to vote for a party different from the one supported in the first vote. These votes are added up to give a national total for each party. The second vote is list-based, meaning that the parties themselves will decide which of their candidates are elected. It is the outcome of the second vote that will enable a proportional result to be achieved. Minimum threshold The system may operate with a minimum threshold above which a party must poll in order to gain representation. In Germany the threshold is set quite high at 5% and was originally designed ...

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