... of the prisoners were illiterate". That means he only looked at this statistic from one side, not including other possible affecting factors, which could make readers see only the point as well. Secondly, he fails to give adequate reference to sources. He always referred to statistics, but he doesn't state the sources clearly, but they looked like overall view. For example, "the statistics of all civilized countries seem to show about twice as great a percentage of crime in their large cities as in the rural districts" (Ellwood, 1924), and "Statistics from many countries are showed that 51.9 percent of all the prisoners were single people" (Ellwood, 1924). These statistics are not useful because readers are not able to rely on his data. Without the exact references, there is no proof at all that he gives readers the correct details. Also the statistics are unbalanced. They only give one side ...

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