... because of oversight or incompetence in the part of the presenter or the creator of the graphical information. And obviously, Intentional misrepresentation occurs with the knowledge of the author. These graphs are created with an intend to mislead the viewers of the actual conclusion of the data or to over dramatize the effects of small changes (make a small increase in sales into a huge visual effect) and in some cases to over simplify the big changes (make a large loss in to small change visually). There are many ways to manipulate a graph. Below is a list most commonly used tactic to distort and misrepresent the data. 1. Alter the scale (not start with zero, change the intervals) 2. Alter the axis (Change intervals, pick unusual variable for x axis) 3. Avoid showing t he whole context (take it out of context) 4. Add distractions and fillers (take the attention away from ...

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