... than one pack a week or heavy smokers will show a dramatic difference in pulmonary measurements such as vital capacity (VC), functional residual capacity (FRC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio of forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), Compared to mild-smokers (less than or equal to one pack of cigarettes per week) or non-smokers. These will be the hypotheses tested in this lab report. If smoking does in fact affect these pulmonary functions then there will be a noticeable difference in these values between the heavy smokers, mild-smokers, and non-smokers. The expected results of these tests would be anticipated to yield a great difference in the pulmonary functions to be tested among the groups of individuals. Greater differences among these results should be present in the data for after exercise was preformed in the group of smokers. A previous study indicated that ...

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