... as they are closely intertwined (Jacobs, 1992 cited in Gross, 2005). However, recognition of certain key issues were stressed by Freud himself as being essential to the practice of psychoanalysis, the method of psychotherapy from which almost all others are derivative. These key issues include, the unconscious, repression, transference and infantile sexuality (Gross, 2005). Largely influenced by his study of dreams (Nelson-Jones, 2006), Freud proposed that the personality comprised of three levels. The first of these is the conscious, of which people are fully aware of at all times (Gross, 2005). The transitory state of consciousness has no memory unlike the unconscious and preconscious, material flows into consciousness from either the external world or internal drives. Speech is one way that enables internal events such as ideas or thought processes to become conscious (Nelson-Jones, 2006). The second level is called the preconscious, where awareness can be obtained if the individual's attention ...

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