... are spent: Australia spent $2.1 billion for the Sydney Games in 2000 and Greece at least $11 billion only four years later. Long-term effects are generally positive, as the Games tend to improve the international image of the host city. Tourism experiences the greatest benefit, though few through studies have quantified this effect. On the other hand, during the event, the region hosting the Games may actually experience a drop in tourism and retail income, as people try to avoid the crowds, traffic, and price hikes they expect to find in the host city. Some Utah ski resort operators experienced a 20-30 percent drop in visitors during the Salt Lake Games. The environmental repercussions of the Olympic effect are also mixed. On the one hand, since the Sidney Games, also known as the "Green Games", participating communities have had active recycling programs, emphasized renewable energy sources, and built or extended ...

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