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... is eccentric, the time required to travel an orbital distance is not constant, but related to dt according to (6) (7) From (2), (8) which makes physical sense, since dt depends not on how the zero point for angular position is chosen, but on what the orbital distance is at the relevant position (the dependence). Equation (7) therefore becomes (9) To find the time-average flux, simply take (10) over the orbit. Note, however, that when L <0 or (between autumnal equinox and vernal equinox), the north pole will be facing away from the sun and will therefore receive zero flux. The only nonzero contribution to the flux in (?) therefore occurs for . ...