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Essays in Chemistry category
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Determining the concentration of copper(II) ions
... (M - P2) Transition metals (SS - P3) * Chemical equilibrium (A -P2) Electrochemical cells (SS - P3) * Moles, concentration, Complex ions (SS - P3) volume (EL, DF,M,A - P1 & 2) Colorimetry (SS - P3) * Volumetric analysis (EL,DF ...
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Is to synthesize the boric acid B(OH)3 from sodium tetraborate as starting material.v A crystallization technique will be used to obtain the final product.
... a ? plus Li7 produces ionisation which is then detected. Boron is also used in reactor control rods. This is a nuclear property of boron, and has nothing at all to do with its chemistry. The atomic weight of boron ...
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A 0.60 um film of silicon dioxide is to be etched with a buffered oxide etchant of etch rate 750 A min-1. Process data shows that the thickness may vary up to 10% and the etch rate may vary up to 15%.
... etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant can be determined through the following calculation: where rmin is the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant and rnominal is the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant. Therefore, ...
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Add vector symbols
... the magnitude of vector B, and ? is the angle between the vectors A and B. We can also represent the three dimensional components of vectors A and B in the following manner: where x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, and z2 ...
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An experiment to prepare ethene gas from ethanol and examine its properties.
... the diagram above. ==> Light the Bunsen burner, adjust it to a blue flame and heat the aluminium oxide. (Make sure the test tube is filled with water when you start to collect the gas produced.) ==> As the aluminium oxide gets ...
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An investigation of iron tablets.
... manganate 7 solution. The potassium manganate solution is added to the iron solution slowly until the iron solution has a slight pink coloration. The volume level on the burette is recorded. This is repeated until two consistent results have been ...
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cations
... ] Hg22+ Cu2+ Bi3+ Cd2+ Pb2+ Mercury(I) Copper Bismuth Cadmium Lead III Ammonium sulfide [ (NH4)2S ] Co2+ Ni2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Cr3+ Al3+ Zn2+ Mn2+ Cobalt(II) Nickel(II) Iron(II) Iron(III) Chromium(III) Aluminium Zinc Manganese(II) IV Ammonium carbonate [ (NH4)2CO3 ] Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Calcium Strontium Barium V Not specified* Mg2+ Na+ K+ NH4+ Magnesium Sodium Potassium Ammonium SEPERATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS IN MIXTURES We started by testing for ammonium ions. It was necessary to do it now because most of the group reagents are added to the ...
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Chemical Preservatives.
... mainly used for bread preservation, as it will not interrupt the leavening in bakery goods raised by yeast. The other salt of propionic acid, sodium propionate is employed chiefly in confectionery. Mechanisms of action The antimicrobial activity is related to ...
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Copper extraction
... amount into a boiling tube. Then fill 1/3 with water. When the larger particles have settled to the bottom but the smaller particles are still floating at the top get rid of the dirty water. The sediment from the bottom ...
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Cracking liquid paraffin
... tube number Observations Conclusion 1 Nothing happened No hydrogen present 2 Nothing happened No hydrogen present 3 Nothing happened No hydrogen present 4 Slight 'pop' noise Little hydrogen present 5 Louder 'pop' Hydrogen present 6 'pop' and flame Hydrogen present 7 'pop' and flame Hydrogen present 8 'pop' and flame Hydrogen present As you can see we collected 8 test tubes of the gas given ...
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Describe The Concept Of Oxidation Levels And Discuss The Use Of Oxidising And Reducing Agents For The Modification Of Functional Groups In Organic Chemistry.
... usually occur. Instead, the carbon atom, even though it retains a covalency of four, changed markedly in the degree of control it exerts over the covalently bound electrons. Thus, it may be that when the electron density about a carbon ...
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Deterioration of Metals in Underwater Environments & Emergency Treatments and Storage
... itself are preserved only in the corrosion layer." * The removal of concretion may take place either on site or at the conservation laboratory. * In the case of the former some concretion removal may have to be done on site. ...
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Determining the change in enthalpy for the combustion of Mg using solution calorimetry and heat summation.
... a high temperature (LeMay et al, 1996). So, to determine the change in enthalpy we will employ Hess's Law of heat summation: It states that the value of ?H for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or ...
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Determining the Enthalpy of a Reaction
... Data: Trial #1: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)--> H20 (l) + NaCl (aq) Trial #2: NaOH (aq) + NH4Cl (aq)--> NH3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) + H20 (l) Trial #3: HCl (aq) + NH4OH (aq) --> NH4Cl (aq) + H20 (l) Trial ...
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Determining the Molecular Weight of a Volatile Liquid
... states that the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants used (University of Maine, 2001). The synthesis of copper is simply the production of copper metal through several chemical reactions. These reactions can be summed ...
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Dumas Method
... solve for molecular weight (MW). As a result, the equation used in the Dumas Method is as follows: MW = mRT/PV (Giunta, 2003). The Dumas method depends on a lot of things to go right. For example, the liquid ...
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Enthalpy Changes () and Hess's Law
... by water is q= MC?T. Where q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of the water, ?T is the change in temperature of the water and C is the specific heat of the water or 4.184J/g C. By ...
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Experiment - the identification of milk sugar will be determined by paper chromatography - The estimation of concentration of lactose, which is milk sugar, will be determined by a titration against alkaline copper (II) sulphate
... a range of colours assisting in their identification. (Also see, (Bio molecules, cells and genetics, unit handbook: 61BL0020), An investigation of milk sugar, Page: 31-32). Materials and procedure (See, (Bio molecules, cells and genetics, unit handbook: 61BL0020), An investigation of milk sugar, Page: ...
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Experiment testing mathematical accuracy against practical.
... is full and the flame is blue) 5. Lift the lid of the crucible periodically and make observations, to check the end point of the reaction, this would be shown by no light or smoke being given off. 6. At the end ...
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Heat of Neutralization
... a calorimeter, that helps insulates the reaction from its surrounding (University of Florida, 2007). Therefore, all of the enthalpy change of a reaction is confined to the container, raising or lowering the temperature of its contents (University of Florida, 2007). ...
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Identification of an Unknown Weak Acid
... was to identify an unknown weak acid. This was accomplished by titrating the unknown acid with a standardized base. Using a pH meter, the pH values were recorded as the volume of added base increased until the pH reached a ...
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In summary, the result of the experiment shows that adding acetic acid to water will decrease the surface tension of water. As more acetic acid is added (increased concentration), surface tension will decrease even more.
... in keeping the temperature constant, and in accurately marking the liquid level with a pen. Nevertheless, the capillary rise method proved to be comparatively reliable, provided that proper technique is observed. Results of the capillary rise experiment for the effect ...
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In this experiment the theory that colour names interfere with recognising ink colour is investigated and proven using experimental techniques.
... a word, rather than the colour of the ink, interference occurs only when the subject pays attention to the latter. Therefore, the results of the experiment should show a clear trend that ink colour of colour words take longer to ...
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In this experiment, we aim to get the surface tension of different molar concentrations of NaCl and HOAc solutions by the capillary rise method. II. Methodology A. Solution
... Surface Tension is the condition existing at the free surface of a liquid, resembling the properties of an elastic skin under tension. The tension is the result of intermolecular forces exerting an unbalanced inward pull on the individual surface molecules; ...
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Innovative Methods of Hydrogen Storage for use as fossil fuel replacement.
... fossil fuels. The stumbling block on this path is efficient and lightweight storage of enough power to parallel fossil fuel vehicles already in use. To date, there has been no storage system that can produce enough power to economically and ...
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