... are those values which come from direct usage of the resource. Indirect use values refer to benefits people indirectly derive from the resource, for example through ecological functions. The value placed by people who don't use a value now but would like to keep the possibility of future use are called option values. Altruistic values, where other individuals' use of the resource is valuable; bequest values for leaving the resource for future generations; and existence values where we value just having the resource there all come into non-use values. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is a method of placing a monetary value on non-market ones; otherwise known as passive use values. The CVM is used to estimate economic values for environmental services. The method is essentially a direct approach - to ask people their valuation of an environmental good. This is done by asking what value they would be willing ...

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