... is less crossover between the low and high pass circuits. Analysis of Low-pass networks: As Hn(s) = 1 /Bn(s), component values can be calculated using Butterworth polynomials. Using this 2nd order Butterworth polynomial: B2(s) = s2 + ?2s + 1 Gives these normalised values ==> RB = 1 , L = ?2 , C =1/?2 Using this 3rd order Butterworth polynomial: B3(s) = s3 + 2s2 + 2s + 1 Gives these normalised values ==> RB = 1 , L1 = 3/2 , L2 = 1/2 , C = 4/3 Scaling: Normalised circuit design uses normalised component values (RB = 1), however in practice we want the value of RB to be different (in this case RB=8?). If all the circuit impedances are scaled up together by a constant scale factor (KI) then the circuit will still work. The same applies for the frequency, with normailsed design the circuit will cut off at 1 rad.s-1 however we may want this value to ...

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