... not be compensated for. In this investigation, two-pass shell-and-tube exchangers which form part of a crude oil pre-heat train are considered. Although the shell side participates in the heat transfer calculations, fouling is only considered on the tube side. Whilst exchangers are often modelled using overall values, the validity of this approach has been investigated in this study by analysing the exchanger discretised into segments in order to provide local values and theoretically a more accurate overall value. The fouling behaviour predicted by the threshold fouling model of Ebert and Panchal, the original ESDU model and the improved ESDU model from Boon Lin Yeap are compared and contrasted. 2. Description of Method This method not only considers the variation of values over time, but also within the exchanger. It does this by dividing the two-pass exchanger into twelve segments as shown in Figure 1, and using the exit stream conditions from one segment as ...

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