... 90 degrees of flexion in order to shorten the moment of the shoulder levers(Hay, 1993). When a sprinter is moving, they can loose velocity in the airborne phase of each stride, so in order to maintain continual motion, a force must be applied by the support leg at take off. The linear and angular motion of a sprinters must operate in conjunction with each other to provide optimum performance of movement patterns. An example of this is the flexion and extension of the lower limbs and how these movements work with the rotation, abduction, adduction of the hips and spine. A lever has a greater potential linear velocity at its end if it is longer, but in sprinting the limbs are shortened to bring them forward with less energy requirement. Newton's third law of motion can be observed with every foot-strike, the landing surface pushes back with a force equal ...

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