... crude picture of the atom was inadequate, but many of the ideas behind it proved correct. In 1924, the French physicist Louis de Broglie proposed that electrons have some properties of waves. By 1928, a correct description of the arrangement of electrons had been obtained with the help of other physicists, especially Erwin Schrodinger and Wolfgang Pauli of Austria and Max Born and Werner Heisenberg of Germany. Studying the nucleus. Although physicists understood the motions of electrons by 1928, the nucleus remained largely a mystery. Protons had been identified in 1902, and Rutherford had proposed in 1914 that they must form part of the nucleus. But scientists realized that the nucleus could not consist of only protons. In 1932, a British physicist named James Chadwick discovered the nucleus also contains uncharged particles, or neutrons. Also in the early 1930's, scientists developed particle accelerators capable of producing energies high enough to ...

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