... will deal with different aspects of an organization's culture, which have an impact on organizational processes, effectiveness and outcomes. However, before dealing with the aforementioned aspects, it is essential to understand exactly how culture can bear a relation to organization. Organizations have the paradoxical quality of being both 'part of' and 'apart from' societies. They are embedded in a wider social concept, but they are also communities in their own right, with distinctive rules and values. They can thus be thought of as 'culture producing phenomena.' (Smircich, 1983, cited in Fincham R and Rhodes P S, 1992) The best way to think about culture is to view it as the accumulated shared learning of a given group, covering behavioral, emotional, and cognitive elements of the group members' total psychological functioning. However, it has to be kept in mind, that not all cultures suit all purposes or people. Cultures are founded and ...

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