... the future. Attempts to develop the area have been frequent but have really only proved successful since the 1950's. Since 1950, there has been substantial efforts to colonize the Oriente of these three countries. Development has occurred by means of planned colonization schemes and by spontaneous colonization. Directed colonization is expensive, and massive investment is required in transport and communications in order to open up new land and provide access to markets. These government-aided programmes have created nucleated group communities in the Oriente. Spontaneous colonization has also occurred as pioneers have settled along newly-built highways and communication routes forming linear, semi-dispersed settlements. Within the Oriente, features of these colonization patterns and processes vary from region to region and from country to country. Ecuador consists of three distinct geographical regions: the Pacific coastal lowlands in the West; the highlands of the Andes/ or the Sierra in the centre; and the eastern lowlands/ ...

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